Ibuprofen: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects & Safety Guide (UK)

Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to:

• Relieve pain
• Reduce inflammation
• Lower fever

It is commonly used for:

• Headaches and migraines
• Toothache
• Back pain
• Muscle injuries
• Period pain
• Arthritis

Ibuprofen works by blocking cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzymes, reducing prostaglandins—the chemicals responsible for pain, inflammation, and fever.

Available Forms and Strengths

Ibuprofen is available in several forms:

1. Tablets and capsules
2. Liquid (oral suspension)
3. Chewable tablets (for children)
4. Topical gels (applied to the skin)

Common Strengths

• 200mg, 400mg (most common OTC doses)
• 600mg and 800mg (prescription strength)
• Liquid: 100mg/5ml and 200mg/5ml

Ibuprofen Dosage Guidelines (UK)

Adults

• 200–400 mg every 4–6 hours as needed
• Maximum (over-the-counter): 1,200 mg per day
• Prescription maximum: up to 3,200 mg per day

For Arthritis (Doctor Prescribed)

• 400–800 mg every 6–8 hours

General Age Guide

• 6–12 months: 50 mg three times daily
• 1–3 years: 100 mg three times daily
• 4–6 years: 150 mg three times daily
• 7–9 years: 200 mg three times daily
• 10–11 years: 300 mg three times daily

⚠️ Always follow advice from a pharmacist or GP for children.

How to Take Ibuprofen Safely

• Take the lowest effective dose for the shortest time
• Always follow the instructions on the label
• Take with food to reduce stomach irritation
• Shake liquid forms before use
• Use a proper measuring device for liquids

Missed Dose

Take it when you remember, unless it’s close to your next dose. Do not double-dose.

Overdose Warning

Taking too much ibuprofen can damage your stomach and intestines. Seek medical help immediately if an overdose is suspected.

Side Effects of Ibuprofen

Common Side Effects

• Headache
• Nausea or vomiting
• Heartburn
• Gas
• Rash

Serious Side Effects (Seek Urgent Medical Help)

Stomach or Intestinal Bleeding

• Vomiting blood
• Black stools
• Severe stomach pain

Liver Problems

• Fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Light-coloured stools

Anaemia

• Pale skin
• Breathlessness
• Fatigue

High Blood Pressure

• Severe headaches
• Chest pain
• Nosebleeds

Heart Problems

• Unusual weight gain
• Swelling or fatigue

Who Should Not Take Ibuprofen?

Avoid ibuprofen if you:

• Are allergic to NSAIDs (including aspirin)
• Have recently had heart surgery
• Pregnant

Speak to your GP before use if you have:

• High blood pressure
• Heart disease
• Liver or kidney problems
• History of stomach ulcers

Ibuprofen Interactions

Ibuprofen can interact with other medicines.

Avoid Talking With:

• Other NSAIDs (e.g. aspirin, naproxen)
• Blood thinners (e.g. warfarin)
• Steroids (e.g. hydrocortisone)
• Certain antibiotics (e.g. ciprofloxacin)
• Some antidepressants (e.g. paroxetine)

Can Be Taken With:

• Paracetamol
• Codeine (if advised)

⚠️ Always check labels of cold and flu medicines—they may already contain ibuprofen.

Food, Alcohol and Supplements

• Take ibuprofen with food to reduce stomach upset
• Avoid alcohol (increases risk of stomach bleeding)
• Speak to a healthcare professional before combining with herbal supplements

Pregnancy, Breastfeeding and Fertility

Pregnancy

• Avoid after 20 weeks
• May affect your baby’s kidneys and circulation
• Paracetamol is usually recommended instead

Breastfeeding

• Small amounts pass into breast milk
• Generally considered safe

Fertility

• Long-term use may affect ovulation in women

How Long Does Ibuprofen Take to Work?

• Starts working within 20–30 minutes
• Effects last 4–6 hours

Ibuprofen vs Naproxen: Which Is Better?

Both ibuprofen and naproxen are NSAIDs, but they differ slightly:

• Ibuprofen: Short-acting, better for quick pain relief
• Naproxen: Longer-lasting (8–12 hours), better for chronic conditions

A dose of 440 mg naproxen is roughly equivalent to 400 mg ibuprofen.

What should I do if I take too much ibuprofen?

Seek immediate medical help.

Can I drink alcohol with ibuprofen?

It’s best to avoid alcohol due to the increased risk of stomach bleeding.

Can I take ibuprofen with other medicines?

Check with your GP or pharmacist, especially if you take regular medication.

Bottom Line

Ibuprofen is a safe and effective painkiller when used correctly. To minimise risks:

• Stick to recommended doses
• Avoid combining with other NSAIDs
• Be aware of side effects
• Seek medical advice if unsure

Using ibuprofen responsibly ensures effective pain relief without unnecessary risks.